肾扫描

定义

肾脏扫描是一种 核医学 exam in which a small amount of radioactive material (放射性同位素) is used to measure the function of the kidneys.

选择的名字

Renogram; Kidney scan

如何执行测试

The specific type of scan may vary. This article provides a general overview.

肾脏扫描类似于 肾灌注扫描. It may be done along with that test.

You will be asked to lie on the scanner table. The health care provider will place a tight band or blood pressure cuff on your upper arm. This creates pressure and helps your arm veins become bigger. 少量的 放射性同位素 注射到静脉. The specific 放射性同位素 used may vary, depending on what is being studied.

The cuff or band on the upper arm is removed, and the radioactive material moves through your blood. The kidneys are scanned a short time later. Several images are taken, each lasting 1 or 2 seconds. The scan takes about 30 minutes to 1 hour in total.

A computer reviews the images and provides detailed information about how your kidney works. For example, it can tell your doctor how much blood the kidney filters over time. A diuretic drug ("water pill") may also be injected during the test. This helps speed up the passage of 放射性同位素 through your kidneys.

You should be able to go home after the scan. You may be asked to drink plenty of fluids and urinate often to help remove the radioactive material from the body.

如何准备考试

Tell your provider if you take any nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or blood pressure medicines. These drugs might affect the test.

You may be asked to drink additional fluids before the scan.

考试的感觉如何

Some people feel discomfort when the needle is placed into the vein. However, you will not feel the radioactive material. The scanning table may be hard and cold. You will need to lie still during the scan. You may feel an increased urge to urinate near the end of the test.

为什么要进行测试

A renal scan tells your provider how your kidneys work. It also shows their size, position, and shape. 如果:

• You cannot have other x-rays using contrast (dye) material because you are sensitive or allergic to them, or you have reduced kidney function
• You have had a kidney transplant and your doctor wants to check how well the kidney is working and look for signs of rejection
• You have high blood pressure and your doctor wants to see how well your kidneys are working
• Your provider needs to confirm if a kidney that looks swollen or blocked on another imaging test is losing function

异常结果意味着什么

Abnormal results are a sign of reduced kidney function. 这可能是由于:

• Acute or chronic kidney failure
• Chronic kidney infection (pyelonephritis)
• Complications of a kidney transplant
• 肾小球肾炎
• 肾盂积水
• Injury of the kidney and ureter
• Narrowing or blockage of the arteries that carry blood to the kidney
• 阻塞性肾病变

风险

There is a slight amount of radiation from the 放射性同位素. Most of this radiation exposure occurs to the kidneys and bladder. Almost all radiation is gone from the body in 24 hours. Caution is advised if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Very rarely, a person will have an 过敏反应 to the 放射性同位素, which may include severe 速发型过敏反应.

参考文献

陈国强，张国强. Renocystogram. In: 陈国强，张国强 eds. Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures. 6日艾德. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2013:953-993.

Duddalwar VA, Jadvar H, Palmer SL, Boswell WD. 诊断性肾显像. In: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Taal MW, Skorecki K,eds. 布伦纳和雷克特的肾. 11日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 24.

Shukla AR, Srinivasan AK. 后尿道瓣膜. In: Partin AW, Domochowski RR, Kavoussi LR, Peters CA, eds. Campbell-Walsh-Wein泌尿外科. 12日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 33.

Wymer DTG, Wymer DC. 成像. In: Feehally J, Floege J, Tonelli M, Johnson RJ, eds. Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology. 6日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 5.